Laboratory evidence
Cell experiments may identify mechanisms or signals worth studying, but they cannot show that a treatment works safely in people.
Research hub
Repurposed Drugs in Oncology
Drug repurposing examines whether medicines developed for one use may have scientifically supported applications elsewhere. In oncology, the evidence ranges from laboratory experiments to early clinical studies, and those levels should not be treated as equivalent.
Evidence framework
How to read the research
Animal evidence
Animal models can test biological plausibility and dosing concepts, but results may not translate to human cancer.
Human research
Case reports and early trials can guide further study. Controlled clinical trials are needed to determine benefit and risk.
Established care
Clinical standards rely on reproducible evidence, regulatory review, treatment guidelines and patient-specific medical judgment.
Compound researchPreclinical focus Early human research Preclinical focus
Explore dedicated evidence pages
Ivermectin and Cancer Research
Laboratory and animal research, proposed mechanisms and the current lack of established human anticancer efficacy.
Review ivermectin evidence →Mebendazole and Cancer Research
Preclinical studies and limited early human research, including important limitations and unanswered questions.
Review mebendazole evidence →Fenbendazole and Cancer Research
Laboratory and animal findings, publication-status context and the absence of established human anticancer efficacy.
Review fenbendazole evidence →Evidence boundary: None of these pages should be read as a prescription, treatment recommendation or substitute for oncology care.
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